Psoriasis is a chronic, inflammatory skin disease caused by genetic and environmental factors. An overactive immune system causes skin cells to regenerate faster than normal. This leads to the formation of thick, scaly, red patches (plaques) on the skin. Psoriasis can appear anywhere on the body, but most commonly occurs on the knees, elbows, scalp, and back.
Psoriasis Diagnosis
Psoriasis is usually diagnosed by clinical examination. A dermatologist can diagnose the condition by evaluating the appearance of the patches on your skin. If necessary, a skin biopsy can be performed to make a definitive diagnosis. This is when a small tissue sample is taken from your skin and examined under a microscope.
Psoriasis Treatment
While there is no cure for psoriasis, available treatments can control symptoms and improve the skin condition:
Topical Treatments: Steroid creams, vitamin D analogs, retinoids such as tazarotene, and coal tar-containing products are used to treat mild to moderate psoriasis.
Phototherapy (Light Therapy): Ultraviolet B (UVB) light or psoralen plus ultraviolet A (PUVA) therapy can lighten psoriasis plaques by slowing the faster-than-normal turnover of cells in the upper layer of the skin.
Systemic Treatments: In severe cases of psoriasis, systemic medications such as methotrexate, cyclosporine, and oral retinoids may be used.
Biological medications: Biological treatments such as TNF-alpha inhibitors, interleukin 12/23 inhibitors, and interleukin 17 inhibitors can significantly reduce symptoms of psoriasis by targeting the immune system.
Frequently Asked Questions
Is psoriasis contagious?
No, psoriasis is not contagious and cannot be passed on to others.
Is psoriasis a lifelong condition?
Yes, psoriasis is a chronic condition and there is currently no cure. However, with appropriate treatment, symptoms can be controlled and periods of remission (temporary reduction or absence of symptoms) may occur.
Does psoriasis only affect the skin?
No, psoriasis is not limited to the skin. A type called psoriatic arthritis can also affect the joints, causing pain, swelling, and reduced mobility.
What are the triggers of psoriasis?
Factors such as stress, skin injuries, certain medications, infections, and alcohol use can cause psoriasis to flare up.
Psoriasis management can significantly improve a patient’s quality of life. The treatment plan should be personalized to the patient’s specific condition, disease severity, and affected areas.
