During the summer, we all enjoy spending time under the sun. However, our skin is affected by sunlight much more than we think. Brown spots, especially on areas frequently exposed such as the face, the backs of the hands, and the shoulders, may eventually become permanent. Medically known as “solar lentigo,” these spots are commonly referred to as “sun spots,” and almost everyone imagines the same appearance when the term is mentioned. So why do these spots occur, and more importantly, how can we protect ourselves?
Why Do Sun Spots Occur?
The color of our skin is determined by a pigment called melanin. Melanin also acts as a natural shield against sunlight. However, when the skin is exposed to excessive UV radiation, this protective mechanism becomes imbalanced. The pigment accumulates in certain areas of the skin, forming uneven dark patches. This is what we call “sun spots.”
The main factors that increase the formation of these spots include:
Intense sun exposure: Spending time in the sun without protection, especially at midday, is the primary cause of spots.
Skin type: Fair-skinned individuals are more prone to pigmentation.
Hormonal changes: Pregnancy, birth control pills, and certain medications can make the skin more sensitive.
Age: Over time, the skin’s renewal rate slows down, making sun damage more permanent.
Genetic factors: People with a family history of sun spots are at higher risk.
How Can We Protect Ourselves from Sun Spots?
Although treatment options exist once spots appear, the most important step is prevention. With simple but consistent habits, you can significantly reduce the harmful effects of the sun.
Make sunscreen a habit: Sunscreen should be used not only in summer but also in winter. Products with broad-spectrum protection and at least SPF 30 should be chosen, and reapplied every 2–3 hours. The face, hands, and neck should never be left unprotected.
Learn to avoid the sun: Sunlight is strongest between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m. Staying in the shade or indoors during these hours helps protect skin health.
Protective accessories: Wide-brimmed hats, UV-filtered sunglasses, and lightweight long-sleeved clothing can significantly reduce harmful sun exposure.
Don’t neglect skin checks: Not every new spot is harmless. Spots that grow rapidly or change in color or shape must be evaluated by a dermatologist.
Maintain a healthy lifestyle: Eating a diet rich in antioxidants, drinking enough water, and avoiding smoking and alcohol strengthen the skin’s natural renewal ability.
After Sun Spots Have Formed
If sun spots have already developed, don’t worry—there are several treatment methods available today:
Chemical peels: The upper layer of skin is carefully exfoliated to reduce the appearance of spots.
Laser treatments: Targeted pigment areas are broken down with laser light, evening out skin tone.
Cryotherapy: The spot is frozen with liquid nitrogen.
Topical treatments: Dermatologist-prescribed lightening creams can be effective with regular use.
Each treatment should be tailored to the individual and carried out under the supervision of a dermatologist. Self-applied products or unverified methods may harm the skin.
Although sun spots may often appear to be only a cosmetic concern, they are actually a visible sign of UV damage to the skin. Therefore, preventing spots is not just about appearance but also about long-term skin health. Consistent sunscreen use, mindful sun exposure, and regular dermatological check-ups are the cornerstones of maintaining healthy skin.
Enjoy the sun, but don’t forget to protect your skin—because skin is the most valuable garment we carry with us throughout our lives.
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